United States

Brief Summary of Laws Affecting Whales
Angela Lang (2002)

Brief Summary of Laws Affecting Polar Bears
Sarah Morgan (2007)

Polar bears are the largest land carnivores in North America. In the wild, they are only found in the Arctic, in the United States, Russia, Greenland, Canada, and Norway. The worldwide population is estimated to be around 22,000-27,000 individuals.

Brief Summary of Laws Concerning Orcas in Captivity
Lauren Tierney (2010)

Brief Summary of Dolphin Protection under the MMPA
Jamie M. Woolsey (2002)

[For facts about the dolphin, see the Biological Summary of the Dolphin ]

Brief Summary of Invasive Species and the Law
Cassandra Burdyshaw (2011)

An invasive species is a species not originally from a particular ecosystem. These animals move into an ecosystem and cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. For example, invasive species such as zebra mussels and brown tree snakes shut down electrical utilities and caused power outages. Invading sea lampreys caused the collapse of lake trout and other Great Lakes fisheries.

Brief Summary of the Initiative and Referendum Process
Cynthia Allen (2002; updated 2013)

Brief Summary of Horse Slaughter for Human Consumption
Christen Wiser (2013)

Brief Summary of Horse Laws
Craig M. Smith (2009)

Brief Summary of Equine Activity Liability Acts (EALA)
Cynthia Hodges, J.D., LL.M., M.A. (2010)

Brief Summary of Genetic Engineering and Animals
Andrew B. Perzigian (2003)