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Title Author Citation Alternate Citation Agency Citation Summary
U.S. Court System Overview Karstan Lovorn Animal Legal & Historical Center

This is a short, concise and easy to read summary of how the American court system works.

U.S. IVORY TRADE: CAN A CRACKDOWN ON TRAFFICKING SAVE THE LAST TITAN? Beth Allgood, Marina Ratchford, Peter LaFontaine 20 Animal L. 27 (2013) Rampant poaching has put African elephants on the verge of extinction in the wild, and the United States (U.S.) is complicit in this crisis. Despite the best efforts of federal agencies, porous national borders, legal loopholes, and deep-seated difficulties in law enforcement make the U.S. a major market for illicit ivory. While the White House, the United Nations, and the European Union, along with other voices, are sounding alarms, bold and concrete actions have been slow in coming. The U.S., in particular, is only beginning to acknowledge its own role in the slaughter, and still relies on a patchwork of inadequate laws and regulations to control its domestic ivory trade. The U.S. must quickly put a halt to its domestic ivory trade by adequately funding customs and wildlife inspectors and addressing the problem at every step along the chain of destruction—from the poachers and militants on the ground in Africa, to the international criminal syndicates underwriting the logistics of trafficking, to the consumers whose demand drives the crisis to ever-greater depths. This Article, analyzing never-before released data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, shines a light on the scope and scale of the underground trade in the U.S., unpacks the problems facing regulators and enforcement officials, and builds the case for a total ban on the commercial ivory trade, which threatens the existence of one of the planet’s greatest icons.
United States v. Friday and the Future of Native American Religious Challenges to the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act Michael Davidson 86 Denv. U. L. Rev. 1133 (2009)

This Comment examines the Tenth Circuit's United States v. Friday opinion along with its underlying implications. Part I provides a brief historical analysis of the BGEPA and introduces relevant statutory provisions, including the exception that allows Native Americans to apply for eagle take permits. Part II analyzes the development of RFRA to provide a better understanding of how RFRA affects Native American religious challenges to the BGEPA. Part III surveys relevant precedent in hopes of better understanding the opinion in Friday, and the avenues left open for future litigation. Part IV reviews the Friday opinion and discusses its relevant procedural history. Part V analyzes the Friday opinion in context with relevant precedent, discusses the implications of the Friday decision, and discusses the avenues left open for Native American religious challenges to the BGEPA after Friday.

US - Audit- APHIS Animal Care Program Inspection and Enforcement Activities Robert W. Young USDA/OIG-A/33002-3-SF; Report No. 33002-3-SF This report presents the results the Office of Inspector General's audit of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Animal Care (AC) unit, which has the responsibility of inspecting all facilities covered under the AWA and following up on complaints of abuse and noncompliance. The office also reviewed AC’s coordination with the Investigative and Enforcement Services (IES) staff, which provides support to AC in cases where serious violations have been found. In addition, the office also evaluated the effectiveness of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs)—the self-monitoring committees at the research facilities responsible for ensuring compliance with the AWA.
US - Horse Slaughter- APHIS 2010 audit Gil H. Harden /s/ Assistant Inspector General OIG, USDA APHIS Administration Horse Protection Program , Audit Rep. 33601-2-KC, 32 (2010) This report presents the results of the Office of Inspector General’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Administration of the Horse Protection Program and the Slaughter Horse Transport Program. The September 20, 2010, written response to the official draft report is included with excerpts and the Office of Inspector General’s position incorporated into the relevant sections of the report
US- Puppy Mills - HSUS Speaks Kathleen Summers An article about the state of puppy mills in the US.
Using A Jury Of Her Peers To Teach About The Connection Between Domestic Violence And Animal Abuse Caroline Forell 15 Animal L. 53 (2008)

In this essay, the author discusses using Susan Glaspell’s 1917 short story A Jury of Her Peers to teach about the connection between domestic violence and animal abuse.

Using Dogs For Emotional Support of Testifying Victims of Crime Marianne Dellinger 15 Animal L. 171 (2008)

Courts and prosecutorial offices around the nation have started using service dogs to support emotionally frail child witnesses who are unwilling to testify but for the calming presence of a dog. Proponents claim that this new type of therapeutic jurisprudence helps bring criminal defendants to justice in cases where the testimony of the complaining witness is crucial to the prosecution’s case. Opponents fear the infringement of the defendants’ rights to a fair trial because of the dogs’ potential to prejudice a jury to come out in favor of the witnesses. This article analyzes the legal foundations supporting the use of service dogs for emotional support of complaining witnesses in open court.

Using Special Masters To Advance The Goals Of Animal Protection Laws Alexis C. Fox 15 Animal L. 87 (2008)

This article suggests that courts should appoint special masters to large-scale animal abuse cases. The work of special masters in two recent high profile cases, Sarah v. PPI and Vick, demonstrate that special masters can help advance the goals of the animal protection movement in three ways. First, special masters can ensure that individual animal victims are cared for once they are rescued from large-scale abuse situations. Second, court orders that appoint special masters to large-scale animal abuse cases insert a best-interest-of-the-animal analysis into formal court proceeding. Finally, court appointed special masters may encourage better enforcement of animal protection laws by taking responsibility for animal victims from local officials. In addition to advocating for special master appointments in large-scale animal abuse cases, this article discusses some of the possible barriers courts and advocates might face when appointing special masters to large-scale animal abuse cases.

Valuing Companion Animals in Wrongful Death Cases: A Survey of Current Court and Legislative Actions and a Suggestion for Valuing Pecuniary Loss of Companionship Elaine T. Byszewski 9 Animal L. 215 (2003)

Because it is exceedingly difficult to measure the value of “companionship” in determining damages for the loss of a companion animal in wrongful death cases, courts and legislatures have struggled to come up with a realistic method of assessment. This article suggests a straightforward “investment approach” to estimate the minimum pecuniary value, including companionship value, that human guardians place on their companion animals. Significantly, the investment approach provides a more accurate assessment of companion animal value, which serves tort system goals of efficient compensation for loss and deterrence of future harm to companion animals.

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